Spatial Patterns of Population in Indian Cities

The relationships of intraurban population density to distance from the centers of twenty-two Indian cities are calculated by regression. Analysis of variance shows that these relationships have statistical significance and generally conform to a model based on negative exponential decline of density with increasing distance. However, four patterns of deviation from the model are found: (1) highest concentration in a compact central area, with sharp decline outward; (2) highest concentration marginal to less dense population in the central business district, with gradual decline toward the periphery; (3) moderate concentration in two distinct areas, with density gradients not pronounced; and (4) urban areas where low concentrations are maintained through centralized planning and control. Examination of temporal changes in population density shows that in cities of the first group progressive central concentration is concurrent with growth, but this tendency is less marked, or is absent, in the other groups.