The various objects of Buddhist architecture may be catalogued as consisting of :—1. Stûpas or Topes; 2. Ornamental Rails, which however are found only in connexion with stûpas, pillars, sacred trees, and temples; 3. Stambhas or Lâts; 4. Chaitya-halls or temples; 5. Vihâras or monasteries (including Bhikshu-gṛihas or hermitages); and 6. Poṅḍhis or cisterns.
"Classification of Buddhist Monuments." In The Cave Temples of India, 171-181. London: W. H. ALLEN & Co., et al, 1880.